挖沟盖顶棚笨办法修出世界第一条地铁(国外英文资料).doc

挖沟盖顶棚笨办法修出世界第一条地铁(国外英文资料) The gutter cover was a clumsy way to build the first subway in the world On January 10, 1863, the worlds first subway, the metropolitan railway, opened. The first year the railway carried 9.5m passengers. As electricity was not widely available, steam locomotives were used as traction. In addition to the exhaust, passengers often feel smoky and sometimes fainted in the subway. Even so, londoners and even royalty are racing to take the underground train. Riding a public carriage on a crowded London street, its conditions and speed are not as good as the subway. In 1896, Budapest built Europes first electrified subway system to solve the air pollution problem of subway tunnels. Since then, the subway has been widely used in major cities around the world. In the middle of the 19th century London developed faster than any other city. From 1800 to 1831, the population of London rose from less than a million to 1.75 million, nearly doubling. Thousands of new houses, shops, office buildings and factories, to build the city center streets become small, relatively rich London residents began to far away, move to live in the suburbs of the work back to central London. But the citys edge has no direct access to the city centre, which is a problem in London, where the rush hour is clogged. Steam locomotives were widely used in Britain at the time, and railway lines between major cities were basically paved. But the citys main transport, or carriage, is very expensive. People need better transportation. In 1843, the British man Pearson designed the worlds oldest city subway system, the central station in London. But the idea involved a massive demolition and was denied by parliament. Ten years later, the British parliament approved a 6km subway line between farrington and the bishops road. After nearly ten years of construction, the subway has its initial scale. Built in the world who also have never seen a subway, before each big newspaper in London f