北京交通大学线路勘测常识点(国外英文资料).docVIP

北京交通大学线路勘测知识点(国外英文资料) One, the introduction The classification and basic characteristics of modern transportation. Modern transportation systems is by rail, road, water transport, aviation and pipeline of five kinds of mode of transportation, a variety of modes of transportation due to the different technical and economic characteristics, each has its advantages. The transport of long-distance passenger goods by railway is large, continuous, low cost and high speed, but the construction period is long, the investment is large, and the transfer is needed. High water transportation capacity, large capacity, low energy consumption, low cost, the investment province, generally do not take a farmland, but restricted by natural conditions, continuity is poorer, slow; The speed of air travel and the distance between two points. But the capacity is small. The cost is low; Pipe is along with the oil industry and developed a kind of mode of transportation, continuity is strong, low cost, good security, the advantages of less wear, but it only applies to oil, gas, water and other transport of goods; The mobility of the road is flexible, the quantity is unlimited, the goods are delivered fast and the coverage is wide, it is the most active mode of transportation, but the maintenance and operation cost is higher. The development of the world and China railway tracks (such as the first railway, the first self-designed railway, the first kind of railway, and so on). In 1825 Britain built a 21km world first railway between darlington and stockton. In 1865, British merchants built the first railway in China, about 0.5 km outside Beijings xuanwu gate. In 1880, the qing government agreed to the construction of txu railway, which was built in 1881 but only in horses and horses. In 1882, it was transformed into a steam locomotive, which was the first of its kind in China. The first railway in new China -- the chengdu-chongqing railway The first electrified railway -- baocheng railway I