初中英语语法之现在完成时讲解练习和答案.docVIP

现在完成时 【现在完成时】 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 【常用时间状语】recently, lately, since+时间点, for+数字+时间名词, in the past few months/years等 【构成】 肯定形式：have/has + done 　　 　否定形式：have/has + not +done 　 　　一般疑问句：have或has放于句首 　B.　现在完成时的用法 1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。 eg. The car has arrived.　车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口） 　　　 Someone has broken the window.　有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着） 区别：have been to, have gone to, have been in have been to,表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来了 have gone to表示去了，但还没有回来，也许是在去的途中 have been in指的是在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在例如：你以前去过北京么？例如：A: Is Mr.Wang at home? B: No,he is not in, 　　2）现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或so far，now，today，this week (month，year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。 　　eg. He has studied English for 5 years. 　　　 He has studied English since 2001. 　　　 Now I have finished the work. 　注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。 如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。 由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrive →be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back →be back leave →be away fall ill(sick, asleep) →be ill(sick, asleep) get up →be up go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in 或be a member of… close →be closed go to school →be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study →study come to work →work 例题 （ ）1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away （ ）2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in （ ）3.The factory ____ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened （ ）4.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become （ ）5.You mustnt_____ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left （ ）6