采矿工程英语.ppt

* 这种支护的普遍形式是由砖侧墙支撑着钢梁组成的，钢梁不应该直接 接触砖墙，因为容易引起局部破裂，这由于钢梁抵在侧墙上造成接触处压力集中而形成的. 这种现象可以通过在砖墙上插入木垫板或木垫梁及在承梁板上安装钢梁避免。 * A further precaution against crushing of the brickwork is to insert one or more crushing pieces or layers of timber in the brickwork. The space between the girders and the roof should be well-lagged, and struts should be placed between the webs of adjacent girders to obviate any tendency for the girders to reel over. 进一步预防砖墙压坏的措施是在砌体中插入一层或多层碎木片或木块，钢梁和顶板间的空间应该安设背板，支柱(支撑)应安设在紧邻着钢梁的腹板间，以避免钢梁滚动/晃动。 * Lag安设背板/板桩/滞后；lag on 插背板；explosion~ 爆炸延滞期；support~支护滞后；lagged有背板的； strut支柱/支撑；cross/lateral~横撑；inclined~斜撑；timber~木支撑；steel~钢支撑；web 腹板/连接板； Adjacent临近的/接近的；obviate排除/消除/避免；reel over滚动/摇晃；crush压碎/压坏/破碎/支架毁裂；crushing压碎/破碎/压缩；coarse~粗碎；fine ~细碎；～of lead cylinder铅柱压缩；precaution against预防方法/措施 * Pit-bottom siding and important main roads, especially in weak ground, are frequently lined with brickwork in the form of arching. Though costly to insert brick arching suitably designed and properly constructed, provides a strong and durable form of support. It should, however, only be employed in situations where the ground has settled, as it is liable to crack and collapse if used in ground subject to movement. * Arching 拱；durable耐久的/耐用的；liable易….的；be ~ to 易于……的/有…..倾向的；without careful investigation, you’re ~to come to wrong conclusions; 不仔细调查研究，你就会得出错误结论。 suitably合适地/适当的；properly适当地/完全地/彻底地；costly昂贵的/代价高的；collapse倒塌/坍塌；crack裂开；settle变稳定。 井底车场和主要运输巷道，尤其位于松软的地层中，通常利用拱形形式的砖墙支护，虽然插入缓冲层费用高，但是砖拱合适地设计与适当地建造，可形成一种坚固耐用的支护形式，然而它只应用在地层稳定的地点，因为如果应用在遭受运动的地层中，砖拱就易于裂开和塌落。 * Lesson four Material for the Support of Mine Workings 巷道支护材料 In firm and coherent rocks the mine workings need not be supported, and they will remain for centuries, especially narrow drifts, workings, shafts and similar excavations. But also larger workings remain in some rocks for a long time, arched chambers in particular stand up and last for an almost unlimited period of time. * In most rocks, however, it i