英语报刊选读-委婉语.pptVIP

Some others Social disease社会病 Destabilize使不稳定 Preventative action预防性行动(中央情报局用来指邮检,窃听,监视等活动) Venereal disease性病 Subvert颠覆 illegal activities非法活动 Some others Preemptive action先发制人的行动 Preventative strike/war预防性打击/战争 Police action治安/维和行动 Protective reaction保护性反应 Unwelcome visit不受欢迎的访问 Aggression侵略 * Journalistic Euphemism新闻常用委婉语 1. 构词手段 2. 总目的 3. 分类 4. 新闻中的委婉语 Journalistic Euphemism eu- : good Euphemism -phemism: speech word of good omen Purposes of euphemism (1)Altruism: 利人主义 (2) urbanize 使文雅(3) Self-regard 关注自身利益 (1)Altruism make others more comfortable about the truth or words we used a bit of slow need help should devote more diligently sanitation engineer landscape architect domestic engineer stupid cheat in the exam lazy trash collector gardener servant (2)urbanize make the word more elegant Last week it introduced … to a lovely young woman named Mazarine who is，according to journalist and author Philippe Alexdre，Mitterands 20-year-old enfant damour. enfant damour private daughter (3) Self-regard mistiness the concept of the given words to avoid conflict According to the New York Times in 1973, American government has establish a document, which required the press to replace poverty of low-income. That is the reason why the press is full of the devious words such as needy, underprivileged, and disadvantage. Effects of euphemism 一是避免刺激，给人以安慰； 二是消除粗俗，给人以文雅； 三是摒弃陈腐，给人以新颖。善于委婉，这是心灵美、修养高的表现。 Types of euphemism 1)traditional euphemisms传统委婉语 与禁忌语密切相关的。象生、病、死、葬、性、裸、拉、撒等禁忌事物，如果直接表达，那就是禁忌语，给人的感觉是粗鄙，生硬，刺耳，无礼 2) stylistic euphemisms文体委婉语 实际上是恭维话、溢美之词 ,为了表示礼貌，为了避免刺激，或是为了争取合作,对一些令人不快的事物以美言相称 traditional euphemisms die pass away、pass on 、 pass out 、close one’s days、go west 、join the majority lay down one’s life 、pay the debt of nature depart to god、expire 、reach a better world move the bowels/ make water pay a call of nature 、spend a penny、go to the bathroom、go