鲜活农产品的供应链管理SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT OF PERISHABLE.pptVIP

鲜活农产品的供应链管理Supply Chain Managementof Perishable Products－甜瓜供应链管理案例 甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University 张艳荣 April 2005 供应链管理是什么？What is Supply Chain Management? 在生产者与消费者之间建立链条━Developing a chain that links producers with consumers 通过生产过程、行销过程及市场向消费者提供具有竞争力的产品━Production, distribution and marketing processes providing competitive product to consumer 供应链管理是什么What is Supply Chain Management? 两个关键点━2 key functions: A)改进农产品的质量及减少损失率以提高供应链管理的效率━ operational efficiency in logistics for improvement in quality and reduction in losses B)制定战略与链条成员间关系的管理 ━strategic decision making and relationship management between chain members 1.实施供应链管理的效率 Operational Efficiency 目的- 减少甜瓜采收后的损失率－To minimize postharvest losses 方法- 通过系统分析鉴别损失率高的环节和多余的环节－Identify high loss points and poor product flow through systems analysis 绘制产品流程图－Map the flow of product- process flow chart 描述每个处理环节－Describe each handling process 在每个环节检测损失率－Measure losses at each point 产品流程的案例Example of Product Flow Chart 甜瓜从田间到市场的流程－melons pass though a number of processes on way to consumer 每个环节都做些什么－What happens at each point? 每个环节是否都有效－Is it efficient? 步骤分析－Analysis of Each Step 采收－Harvest 产品质量Quality of product - 成熟度，瓜病，大小，安全杀虫剂－maturity, disease, size, pesticide safety 机械损伤－Mechanical damage 冷害损伤－Physiological damage - 温度temperature 延期采收－Delays 步骤分析－Analysis of Each Step 包装－Packaging 分级－Grading 适当的防护－Adequate protection 适当的大小－Suitable size 步骤分析－Analysis of each Step 步骤分析－运输Analysis of each Step - Transport 步骤分析－Analysis of each Step 市场－Market 市场不同对甜瓜质量要求不同－Different market for different quality 温度－Temperature 出售的时间－Time to sell 瓶颈在哪里－Bottle necks? 链条上每个环节的损失率What were losses at each step? 供应链各环节 损失率（％） 瓜农收获过程 9.1 收购商的收购过程 很低 批发商运输过程 11 零售商销售过程 12 消费者的消费过程 5