红字及作者中英文相关资.docxVIP

ContextThis Romance is an 1850 work of fictionwritten by Nathaniel Hawthorne, setting in 17th-century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts, during the years 1642 to 1649, it tells the story of Hester Prynne, who conceives a daughter through an affair with a clergyman Dimmesdale and struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity. 霍桑出生于美国马萨诸塞州塞勒姆镇。他的祖辈为著名的1692年塞勒姆驱巫案的三名法官之一。父亲是个船长，在霍桑四岁的时候死于海上，霍桑在母亲抚养下长大。霍桑把注意力转向过去，力图借助想象去挖掘历史上对创作有益的素材，以便“把过去了的时代与我们面前一瞬即逝的现在联系起来。这也暗示了他以古喻今的创作意图。但是出于清教徒的审慎，霍桑采取了浪漫主义小说的创作形式。他认为只有这样，作者才能以自己选择的方式构思和创作，而又不必拘泥于细节的真实，才能在“真实的世界”和“仙境”之间找到现实与想象得以相结合的“中间地带”。霍桑的伟大正在于他能以表面温和而实质犀利的笔锋暴露黑暗、讽刺邪恶、揭示真理。作品特点描写社会和人性的阴暗面是霍桑作品的突出特点，这与加尔文教关于人的“原罪”和“内在堕落”的理论的影响是分不开的。霍桑是心理小说的开创者，擅长剖析人的“内心”。他着重探讨道德和罪恶的问题，主张通过善行和自忏来洗刷罪恶、净化心灵，从而得到拯救。然而霍桑并非全写黑暗，他在揭露社会罪恶和人的劣根性的同时，对许多善良的主人公寄予极大的同情。正如他的朋友、伟大作家麦尔维尔）（Herman Melville）所指出的，霍桑的黑暗使在这黑暗中不停前进的黎明显得更加明亮。霍桑对美国文学的发展做出了很大的贡献。他对亨利·詹姆斯、福克纳及马拉默德等后代作家的影响是显而易见的。霍桑的作品想象丰富、结构严谨。他除了进行心理分析与描写外，还运用了象征主义手法。他的构思精巧的意象，增添了作品的浪漫色彩，加深了寓意。但他的作品中也不乏神秘晦涩之处。着意描写人物主观意识的流动和心理感情的变化，追求新奇的感觉，将主观感觉融入对客体的描写中去。plot overviewIn June 1642, in the Puritan town of Boston, a crowd gathers to witness the punishment of Hester Prynne, a young woman found guilty of adultery. She is required to wear a scarlet A (A standing for adulteress) on her dress to?shame?her. She must stand on the scaffold for three hours, to be exposed to public humiliation. As Hester approaches the scaffold, many of the women in the crowd are angered by her beauty and quiet dignity. When demanded and cajoled to name the father of her child, Hester refuses.As Hester looks out over the crowd, she notices a small, misshapen man and recognizes him as her long-lost husband, who has been presumed lost at sea. When the husband sees Hesters shame, he asks a man in the crowd about her and is told the story of his wifes adultery. He angrily exclaims that the childs father, the partner in the adulterous act, should also be punished and vows to find the man. He chooses a new name – Roger Chillingworth