英汉否定结构的对比及其翻译Comparison Between English and Chinese Negative Expressions and Their Translation.doc

英汉否定结构的对比及其翻译 Comparison Between English and Chinese Negative Expressions and Their Translation Abstract Negation is universal for almost all the languages in the world, but languages differ in ways to realize negation. The forms of negation in English are complex and diverse. The form and negative meaning are almost incorresponding. However, in Chinese, the negative structures are comparatively simple. And those differences of idiomatic expressions and patterns between English and Chinese constitute obstacles to the understanding and translation of negation for the learners of a second language. Based on contrastive linguistics, lexicology and syntactics, a comparative study of negation between English and Chinese at the lexical and syntactic levels is conducted, in terms of the differences of negation, and the means of the translation of negation. Lexicon concludes morphemes, words and phrases. In English negative morphemes, which are also called negative affixes, consist of prefixes and suffixes. In Chinese there is no specialized negative affixes. And there are more negative words in English than in Chinese, whose negative words are comparatively simple. In the process of translation, the negative morphemes or words in one language can not always be translated into fixed negative morphemes or words in another language. According to different cases, one has to adopt flexible ways to translate negative morphemes or words. Through a comparative study of partial negation, full negation, double negation and transferred negation at the syntactic level, three translation methods are proposed, namely, literal translation, transformation and counter translation. Key Words：negative expressions, comparative study, translation methods  内 容 摘 要 世界上任何一种语言都有否定方式，但不同语言表达否定意义的方法各不相同。英语表达否定概念的方式具有复杂性和多样性，否定形式和否定意义几乎不对应，而汉语对否定的表达却表现出一定的单一性。同时，英语和汉语在否定表达和语言习惯等方面也存在着一定的差异，这就造成我们在理解和翻译上的困难。 以对比语言学、词汇学、句法学作为理论基础，从词汇层面和句法层面展开对英汉语言否定结构的比较，找出他们表达方式的差异, 并在此基础上指出了相应的翻译方法。 词汇包括词素﹑词语和词组。