研究生英语课堂演讲ppt.pptx

Land-Use Planning;Definition;OUTLINE;1.The Need for Planning; As the population of the world grows, competition for the use of the land will increase, and systematic land-use planning will become more important. Furthermore, as the population of the world becomes more urbanized and cities grow, urban planning becomes critical. Almost all population growth in the next 30 years will be concentrated in urban areas, and most of this growth will occur in less-developed countries.;2.Historical Forces That Shaped Land Use; This pattern of land use differs greatly from the original conditions experienced by the early European colonists（殖民者） who immigrated to the New World. The first colonists converted only small portions of the original landscape to farming, manufacturing, and housing, but as the population increased, more land was converted to agriculture, and settlements and villages developed into towns and cities. In addition, we need to pay attention to：The rural-to-urban shift and urbanization in the developing world. ;The Rural-to-Urban Shift;First, the Industrial Revolution led to improvements in agriculture that required less farm labor at the same time industrial jobs became available in the city. Second factor that affected the growth of cities was the influx of immigrants from Europe. Although some became farmers, many of these new citizens settled in towns and cities, where jobs were available. Third reason for the growth of cities was that they offered a greater variety of cultural, social, and artistic opportunities than did rural communities.;Urbanization in the Developing World; ;3.Migration from the Central City to the Suburbs; Urban sprawl is a pattern of unplanned, low-density housing and commercial development outside of cities that usually takes place on previously undeveloped land. Urban sprawl occurs in three ways: One type of growth involves the development of exclusive, wealthy subu