英国概况 英国经济 英文.ppt

1304 冯婷婷 Recent History (1970s-1995) The British economy went through a particularly bad period in the 1970s. 1.The oil price rises at that time led to very high rates of inflation(up to 25%) 2.The fall in the value of the UK currency (The Pound)even forced the Labour (socialist)government to borrow from the International Monetary Fund. 3.British industry ,notably the car industry ,appeared to be doing badly,with increasing imports relative to exports. Negative economy→Change of government(Conservative party under Margaret Thatcher of laissez faire)→Radical programme of reform Radical Programme of Reform 1.Bureaucracy was reduced(foreign exchange controls were lifted,rules governing banks loosened,for example). 2.And throughout the 1980s an extensive programme of privatisation was carried out,with many state-owned business(such as steel ,telecom,gas,aerospace)joining the private sector. It seemed in some ways to be successful in that inflation came under control,and business, especially the newly privated business,made profit. But the negative aspect apperead as below: 1.A rapid increase in the unemployment 2.The national economy grow at lower rates than its competitors(In the recession 1990-1992,the economy even shrunk by 2.3%) The picture has been brighter of four years of steady growth（at rates higher than that in the rest of the EU) 1.Unemployment has now fallen to 7.7%,which is the lowest in the EU 2.Inflation has remained under control at very low levels 3.Investment has increased 4.British became an attractive location for inward investment Division of the economic sectors 1.primary industry 2.secondary industry 3.tertiary industry/service industry Primary Industry Divide into 3 parts: 1.Agriculture 2.Fishing industry 3.Energy production 1.Agriculture:small but effcient 1)Three quarters of Britain’s land is used for agriculture(wheat a