中国文化概况_Chapter_6.ppt

Chapter 6 Science and Technology 本章教学的目的 1. 熟悉中国古代科技成果; 2.了解现代中国科技成果; 3. 中西医效果探讨。 本章教学的重难点 1. 四大发明、中医 2. 现代科学技术 3. 有关中西医讨论 本章教学的时间安排 教师课堂讲解（60 minutes） Ancient science and technology (35 minutes) Modern science and technology achievements (25 minutes) 师生讨论 (10minues) 学生课件展示 (30minutes) Ancient Science and Technology The Four Major Inventions (15 minutes) Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) (10 minutes) Other Impressive Ancient Inventions (10 minutes) The Four Major Inventions Compass Papermaking Gunpowder Printing Compass The compass is a device showing geographic direction by using the earth’s magnetic field. It enabled trade and exploration in whole new ways. Early in the Warring States period, while mining ores and melting copper and iron, Chinese people chanced upon a natural magnetite that attracted iron and pointed fixedly north. Referred to as a South-pointer, the spoon or ladle (长柄杓子) shaped compass is made of magnetic lodestone (天然磁石), and the plate is bronze. The circular center represents Heaven, and the square plate represents Earth. A compass vehicle (指南车) was an ancient Chinese vehicle equipped with many gear wheels and a wooden figure that always pointed south no matter which direction the vehicle went. It’s an earlier and more primitive form of the compass. Paper Making Paper has been a major medium of recording, transmitting, and storing information in human civilization. The earliest characters were inscribed on bones, tortoise shells and bronze wares in the Shang Dynasty and later on silk, bamboo and wood. Do you know the process of paper-making? In the Eastern Han Dynasty, a court official named Cai Lun (蔡伦) used inexpensive materials such as bark, hemp (麻头), rags, fishnet, wheat stalks (麦杆) and other materials to make paper, known as Cai lun Paper (蔡侯纸). The materials were soaked, cut into pieces, boiled with plant ash, washed, and grounded with a pestle in a mortar (杵和臼). The mixture was then poured evenly on a flat surface to dry,