文体学chapt3Surface-structureDeviation要点.ppt

No. 4: Round the cape of a sudden came the sea, And the sun looked over the mountain’s rim, And straight was a path of gold for him, And the need of a word of men for me. (R. Browning, Parting at Morning) 4.2 Deviant phrase structure O What a noble mind is here o’verthrown! The courtier’s, soldier’s, scholar’s, eye, tongue, sword. (William Shakespeare, Hamlet) Do not go gentle into that good night (D. Thomas, Do not Go Gentle into that Good Night) 4.3 Deviant use of grammatical rules Below are two types of deliberate violations of grammatical rules: Firstly, misuse of tense forms: you pays your money and you doesn’t take your choice. (e. e. cummings, why must itself up every of a park) It is the poet’s daring violation of grammatical rule, signaling here that “you cannot get what you like by paying money”: The strange phenomenon is signaled by the deviant language used to describe it. Secondly, omission of articles in the following poem: There head falls forward, fatigued at evening, And dreams of home, Waving from window, spread of welcome, Kissing of wife under single sheet; But waking sees Bird-flocks nameless to him, through doorway voices Of new men making another love. (W. H. Auden, The Wanderer) The elliptical use of articles here cues the homeless vagabonding life of the vagabond. 4.4 Deviant sentence length In literary writing, the writer may choose to exploit super-long or super-short sentences for different stylistic purposes and effects, for example, the former for the expression of complex content while the latter for quick pace. For the former case, consider the following examples: Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. (B. Russell, What I Have Lived for) 在昨天，今天和明天之间，在父与子与孙之间，在山村二郎神担过的巨石与十七层的部长楼之间，在海云的在天之灵与拴福大嫂新买的瓷碗之间，在李谷一的“洁白羽毛”和民国十八年咸菜汤之间，在肮脏、混乱而又辛苦经营的交通食堂和外商承印的飞行时刻表之间，在秋文的目光