Phonetics语言学方面选编.ppt

Chapter 2  Phonetics Phonology 语音学与音系学 Main Contents of the Lecture： I. Phonetics语音学 II. Phonology音系学 Revision 1. The major branches of linguistics Main Contents of the Lecture： I. Phonetics语音学 2.1 Phonetics Three Branches of phonetics 1. Articulatory phonetics 2. Acoustic phonetics 3. Auditory phonetics 2.2 Phonetics 2.2.1 Articulators and their functions; 2.2.2 Voiced and voiceless sounds; 2.2.3 Nasal and oral sounds; 2.2.4 Classification of English speech sounds 2.2.5 Variations of sounds 2.2.4 Classification of English  speech sounds 2.2.4.1 English consonants 2.2.4.2 English vowels 2.2.5 Variations of sounds 2.2.5.1 Liaison 2.2.5.2 Elision and assimilation 2.1 Phonetics Three Branches of phonetics 1. Articulatory phonetics 2. Acoustic phonetics 3. Auditory phonetics Articulatory phonetics 发音语音学： 研究语音的发生。 Acoustic phonetics 声学语音学： 研究语音的物理特征。 Auditory phonetics 听觉语音学或感知语音学： 研究语音的感知。 Our primary interest will be in articulatory phonetics. Branches of phonetics Speech Speech Production Perception (speaker A) (speaker B) 2.2 Phonetics 2.2.1 Articulators and their functions; 2.2.2 Voiced and voiceless sounds; 2.2.3 Nasal and oral sounds; 2.2.4 Classification of English speech sounds 2.2.5 Variations of sounds 2.2 Phonetics 2.2.1 Articulators and their functions; (Speech organs 发音器官) International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) 国际音标 IPA音标 国际音标是一个标准的、 被国际上广泛接受的 语音描述系统。 IPA音标 由1888年国际语音协会 (International Phonetic Association) 的语言学家便制定，是一套可国际通用的语音符号。 IPA音标 制定原则是“一个音位，一个符号； 一个符号，一个音位”， 即“一音一符”。 “One symbol per phoneme” 2.2.2 Voiced Voiceless sounds 2.2.2Voiced sounds Voiced(浊音): Sounds produced with causing vibration of the vocal cords. 2.2.2 Voiceles