大学英语语法—词性的种类功能.docVIP

英语词性的种类及功能： 序号 中文名称 英文名称 缩写 句中功能 例 1 名词 noun n. 主，宾，表， 定，补, 同位语 Jane bought a book. I am a bank clerk. We call him Jack. Jim, my friend is here. 2 动 词 不及物动词 intransitive verb vi. 谓语 The moon rose. 及物动词 transitive verb vt. 谓语 Jane bougt a book 3 非限定动词非谓语动词 不定式 infinitive inf. 主， 宾， 表， 定， 状 To love is more difficult than to be loved. My job is to order a table. The driver failed to see the other car in time. I have a lot of work to do. I come here only to say good-bye to you. -ing动词 / 现在分词 -ing participle / present participle 主， 宾， 表， 定， 状 There is no joking about such matters. The situation is very encouraging. shopping basket They stood there watching the game. I enjoy reading. -ed动词 / 过去分词 -ed participle / past participle 表， 定， 补， 状 He seemed quite delighted. I don’t like canned food. Someone must have seen the car stolen. Guided by the professor, we went on with the work. 4 代词 pronoun pron. 主，宾， 表，定 I like him. It’s me. This is my room. 5 冠词 article art. 与名词搭配 This is the shop I mentioned. 6 副词 adverb adv. 状 This pen writes smoothly. 7 形容词 adjective adj. 表， 定 I am very happy. It is a nice day. 8 连词 conjunction conj. 连接平行的词(组) I saw Tom and Jim the other day. 9 介词 preposition prep. 与名词、代词搭配 in front of, at home 10 助动词 auxiliary verb 与动词构成谓语 I do not like this plan. Have you ever heard of it?? 11 情态动词 modal verb 与动词构成谓语 I cannot swimming. May I come in?? 12 数词 numeral num. 主， 宾， 表， 定 Twenty is enough. Ten students stay here. I’m nine. I read seven (books). 13 感叹词 interjection 表示强调、吃惊等 Oh, my God. ?一、句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 二、句子成分中词性的运用 （一）能作主语的词性：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： ?????? During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） ?????? We often speak English in class.（代词） ?????? One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） ?????? To