2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章节精选.docxVIP

2018年可锐考研英语阅读文章精选（五）Gene therapy　　基因疗法　　Genetic mutations predict which cancers willrespond to treatment　　基因突变将预测某种治疗会对哪些癌症起作用　　THE International Cancer Genome Consortium, analliance of laboratories that is trying to produce adefinitive list of the genetic mutations that causecancer, is accumulating data at an astonishing rate. About 3,000 individual breast tumours,for example, have now had their genotypes published. But these data will not, bythemselves, help patients. For that, they have to be collected in the context of a drug trial.And this is just what Matthew Ellis and his colleagues at Washington University in St Louishave done for women suffering from breast cancer. Their methods, if they prove to work forother cancers too, may revolutionise treatment.　　国际癌症基因组协作组是试图建立一份会引起癌症的基因突变完整清单的实验室联盟，它积累数据的速度让人吃惊。例如，它已经发表了大约3000种不同的乳房肿瘤的基因型。但光凭这些数据本身无法帮助患者。要医治病人，人们必须结合药物试验采集数据。而这正是在圣路易斯市的华盛顿大学工作的马修?埃利斯及其同事们为罹患乳腺癌的妇女们所作的工作。如果事实证明他们的方法对其他癌症也有用的话，这可能会是癌症治疗的一次革命。　　Dr Ellis and his team sequenced the whole genomes of both cancerous and normal tissuefrom 46 women with tumours of a type called oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer.They also sequenced just the gene-containing regions of the genome-about 1% of totalDNA-from an additional 31 women, and parts of the sequences of 240 more. They thencompared the healthy and tumorous genomes of each patient, in order to discover whichgenes had mutated in the cancer.　　埃利斯博士及其团队对46名身患雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌的妇女的癌组织和正常组织进行了全基因组测序。他们也对另外31名病人的基因组中含有基因的那些区域进行了测序，并对其他240 名病人的这些部分做了部分测序。此后，为找出癌细胞中哪些基因发生了突变，他们比较了每个病人的健康和癌变基因组。　　In this, they were following the normal protocol of the cancer genome consortium. Thenovelty of their approach was that the women in question had each been involved in one oftwo clinical trials of a drug called letrozole. These trials established letrozole as a standardtreatment for people with this type of breast cancer, but not all patients benefit equally fromthe drug. Dr Ellis hoped to find out why.　　他们在这一工作中是按癌症基因组协作组的标准