土木工程概论（英文版）Chapter 3 Foundation and underground Engineering.ppt

土木工程概论Introduction to Civil Engineering 第三章　基础与地下工程 Chapter 3 Foundation and underground Engineering Review Questions State and sketch the available structural steel sections. How are loads classified? What is meant by the safe bearing of soil? What are the functions of a foundation? What is a shallow foundation? Give examples. What is a deep foundation? Give examples. What is a pile? Give examples. What are the types of piles? Give examples. What are the primary functions of walls? Foundation Engineering What is Foundation Engineering? An ambiguous word meaning either: (1) The soil or rock upon which a building or other structure rests, or (2) The Structure of brick, stone, concrete, steel, wood, or iron which transfers the building load to the ground, sometimes called, together with the rest of the building below ground, the substructure. Foundation Engineering The pier foundation: Firm strata (a) (b) Pile foundations Pile transmits load to Surrounding soil Through friction between Pile and soil Foundation Engineering The isolated and combined foundations: (a) Isolated footing (b) Combined footing Foundation Engineering The raft foundations: Raft foundation Foundation Engineering The grillage foundations: Grillage foundations Underground Engineering What is Underground Engineering? A structure laid wholly or mostly below street level. Foundation Engineering