gramma-rfocus..pptVIP

Unit 12;Read these sentences and pay attention to the underlined parts.;过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动 作之前已经发生或完成了的动作， 即：过去的过去。; 肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词?????? 否定式：hadnt + 动词的过去分词 　 疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词? 简略回答: Yes, 主 + had. 　　??? No, 主 + had not. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句 (Had+主语+过去分词)?;1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去” 。如： When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。 （主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”） ;2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，表示 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如： ;3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与already， yet， still， just， before， never等时间副词及 by， before， until等引导的短语或从句连用。如： Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.　 Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. ;4. 过去完成时可表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）;1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ to Beijing. A. studied, had gone??? B. had studied, went C. has studied, goes???? D. had studied, had gone;2. Mary said it was at least five years since she ______ a good drink. A. enjoyed???? B. was enjoying?? C. had enjoyed?? D. would enjoy;3. Xiao Pei said she ______ Hainan for 3 months. has been in??? B. had been in?? C. had been to?? D. had gone to;过去完成时是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某??作相比较时，才用到它； 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“ have (has) + 过去分词”。;The plane had left when we arrived at the airport. I have known John since we were kids.;虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：　 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。;2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。 如： She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. ;3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and