【2017年整理】GMAT讲义.docVIP

Argument 部分 一.Argument的写作特点 三个重大逻辑错误。 1. 典型的外推类逻辑错误：过去不能推出现在。 2. 攻击它条件不充分：并不是只由新东方导致了中国留学事业的发展。 3. 错误类比：中国不代表越南。False analogy 1.调查类错误。样本选择不随机，不具备代表性，样本数量少。而且在西安市做的，但是要陕西省。由个体推整体。还有本科生、研究生。 2.因果关系错误：不是由于结婚才导致他取得科技进步。时序因果类错误。 3.由个体推整体。 广告练习：喝了哇哈哈，吃饭就是香。 条件不充分 要想皮肤好，早晚用大宝。 条件不充分。 牙好胃口就好：样本小，条件不充分。 二.Argument整体结构 第一段： 开头段。主要是归纳论点，说明论点有问题，存在逻辑漏洞，准备发起进攻。 第二段和第三段甚至第四段：分类别去攻击各个逻辑错误。 第五段： 结尾段。作者的结论似乎是合理的，但是通过论证，不是这样的。因此作者在做出决定之前，应该还要考虑其他情况。 三.如何写开头段？ 例.重复结论+扼要重述论据+转折（总论）In this memo the vice president of Natures Way CNW), a chain of stores selling health food and health-related products, recommends opening a store in Plamesville. To support this recommendation the vice president cites the following facts about Plainesville: (1) sales of exercise shoes and clothing are at all-time highs; (2) the local health club is more popular than ever; and (3) the citys schoolchildren are required to participate in a fitness program. Close scrutiny of each of these facts, however, reveals that none of them lend credible support to the recommendation. 四.开头段的写法 Merely based on unfounded assumption and dubious (suspicious) evidence, the statement draws a conclusion that_____. To substantiate (support) the conclusion, the arguer points out evidence that_____. In addition, he indicates that_____. Furthermore, he cites the result of a recent survey in support of this recommendation. At first glance, the author’s argument appears to be somewhat convincing, but further reflection reveals that it omits some substantial concerns that should be addressed to substantiate the argument. In my point of view, this argument suffers from N logical flaws. 1. 先在开头段指出原文的conclusion 2. 指出作者引用哪些evidence or assumption 3. 指出存在几个flaw In this argument, the author concludes that, to support his conclusion, he points out that ____. In addition, he infers that____. Furthermore, the arguer sites as a typical example in support of his recommendation. However, this alone / only this do n