2外习得UNIT3SLA.ppt

Unit 3 Contrastive Analysis CA: the comparison of the linguistic systems of two languages, eg. the sound system or the grammatical system. It was developed and practiced in the 1950s and 1960s, as an application of structual linguistics to language teaching. Language Typology Isolating Language (analytic language): a language in which word forms do not change, and in which grammatical functions are shown by word order and the use of function words. Language which are highly isolated include Chinese and Vietnamese. Synthetic Languages Inflecting Language( also fusional language): a language in which the form of a word changes to show a change in meaning or grammatical function. Agglutinating language: a language in which various affixes may be added to the stem of a word to add to its meaning or to show its grammatical function. It is based on the following: the main difficulties in learning a new language are caused by interference from the first language these difficulties can be predicted by ca teaching materials can make use of CA to reduce effects of interference. Language Transfer the effect of one language on the learning of another. Negative transfer(interference) is the use of a native language pattern or rule which leads to an ERROR or inappropriate form in the Target Language. Positive transfer is transfer which makes learning easier, and may occur when both the native language and the target language have the same form. Procedures by CA description selection comparison prediction The comparison might reveal: No difference between a feature of L1 and L2 Convergent phenomena An item in the L1 is absent in the target language An item in L1 has a different distribution from the equivalent item in the target language No similarity between L1 feature and that of L2 Divergent phenomena. 1. He went to Beijing. He will go to Beijing. 2. 他去了北京。 他昨天去了北京。 他刚去了北京。 他明天去了北京再说。 3. 他结了婚。 他结过婚。 他结了婚了。 他结过婚了。