15_4_主谓一致2017_11.ppt

初中英语语法辅导（15.4）;主谓一致 　　英语中，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式。主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。 1.并列结构作主语时。 ▲由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如： A young man and a girl want to go there. ★但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语 动词要用单数形式。如： A needle and thread was found on the floor. ▲当each...and each...；every...and every...；no...and no...；many a...and many a...结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：; No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work. ▲由not only...but also...；either...or...；neither...nor...；or连接的 并列主语，谓语动词与就近的名词或代词保持一致。如： Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat. ▲当主语由as well as, along with, together with，rather than, no less than, but, except, besides, in addition to, like, including等词连 接时，其谓语动词与前面的名词或代词保持一致。如： An iron and steal works, with some satellite factories, is to be built here. Tom, along with his friends, goes skating every Saturday. ;2.百分数、分数作主语时。 当百分数、分数后面加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词 来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如果是复数名词或代词，谓 语动词用复数；如果是单数名词(或不可数名词)或代词，谓语动 词用单数。如： Fifty percent of the students in our school are girls. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 3.不定代词作主语时。 ▲不定代词each, another, the other, either, neither和由some, any, no, every＋one或thing构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单 数形式。如：; Neither of us has gone through regular training. Nobody wants to go there，does he? Something has been done to end the strike. ▲all作主语表示人时，谓语动词用复数；表示物时，谓语动词用 单数。如： All is well that ends well. All are eager to reach an agreement. 4.表示“全体”、“部分”等意义的词作主语时。 ▲当主语是most, the rest, the last, the remainder等时，其谓语一 般应遵循意义一致的原则：如果of后面的名词是单数，则用单 数；如果of后面的名词表示复数，则用复数。如： Three of us will go, the rest are to stay here. After the big fire, the remainder is nothing. ;5.“the＋形容词/过去分词”作主语时。 ▲当“the＋形容词/过去分词”表示一类人或事物时，谓语动词用复 数；如果指某一抽象概念时，谓语动词则用单数。如： The sick here are very well cared for. The true is to be distinguished from the false. 6.形式为复数、意义为单数的名词作主语时。 ▲表示时间、距离、金额、重量、计量、空间、体积等意义的复 数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。如： Eight hours of slee