Unit2TheuniversallanguageGrammarandusage(牛津译林版选修8）.ppt

Unit 2;Unit 2 The universal languageGrammar and usage;Look at this sentence, are there some words that are left out in this sentence? In order to avoid marriage, she says that any potential husband must answer three riddles correctly or die.;－How is your cousin today? －She is much better.;Ellipsis is used when we do not want to repeat words or phrases that are obvious. Some words of a sentence can be left out while the meaning can still be understood.;1. 为避免重复而进行的省略 当一个句子中有两个或更多的相同的词、短语出现时, 其中的第一个须保留, 其余的往往省略, 以避免重复、使句子简练。尤其要注意的情况是: 当时间状语从句、地点状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致并含有be时, 往往将该状语从句中的主语和be一起省略。;句子中常可省略的成分如下： 1) 省掉主语。如： Thank you for your help. See you tomorrow. 2) 省掉谓语动词。如： Some of us study Russian，others English. He got up earlier than I today. ;3) 省掉系动词。 e.g. Ma Lin is a bus driver, his wife a conductor. Gold is more expensive than silver. ;4) 同时省掉句子的几个成分。 e.g. In winter it is colder in Beijing than in Guangzhou. Has he gone or not?;— When did you read the play? — Long ago. — Have you ever been to Xinjiang? — Never. ;▲ 在if, when，though，as，as if等连词引导的从句中，如果主从句的主语一致，又含有be动词时，常把从句中的主语和be动词省略。 e.g. When you do this exercise, make changes in the sentence structure when necessary. ;He is very good at painting, though very young. The boy looked as if afraid of nothing. ;▲ 在下面的句子中，动词不定式to的后面省去了动词原形及其以后的部分。 e.g. You may go with them if you want to. — Will you be able to come? — I’d love to. But I’m busy. ;e.g. He is twelve years old. 他十二岁。 I walked for ten miles. 我走了十英里路。 ;3. 习惯用法上允许的省略。有些省略句的情况是出于习惯用法, 尤其是在口语中。例如在问句中be常常省略, 有时连主语一起省略: e.g. Very easy? 很简单吗？ Why not? 为什么不？;4. 省略语还经常出现在新闻标题或使用 说明中。 newspaper headlines: Turandot on stage 图兰朵将要上演 signs and labels: No smoking 禁止吸烟; instructions: Do not bend postcards and diaries Have not had time to write diary notes Opera OK, costumes great;Read Part A carefully and find out the words that can be left out.