Grammarexplanation-Module4Unit3Tomorrow’sworld（牛津高中英语精品学案）.doc

Module4 Unit3 Tomorrow’s world 被动语态 何时使用被动语态 1. 不知道或没有必要指明动作的发出者 2. 出于表达的习惯 3. 强调动作的承受或被执行 4. 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语1. Many buildings are built in our town. 2. Yaoming was born in China. 3. He was taken to hospital immediately. 4. He was brought up by a man who was kind and has great expectation 主动语态变成被动语态的方法原主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语，谓语部分主动变被动，原主动语态的主语变成介词by后的宾语（主语）He teaches English(宾语) in this school. →English(主语) is taught by him （宾语）in this school. A动词的被动结构及用法 动词的八种时态主动变被动主动被动He writes novels every day. He wrote novels when he was young. He is writing a novel now. He was writing a novel when I came in. He will write many novels when he grows up. He has written many novels since then. He had written many novels before he went to university. He promised that he would write more novels.Novels are written (by him) every day. Novels were written (by him) when he was young. A novel is being written (by him) now. A novel was being written (by him) when I came in. Many novels will be written when he grows up. Many novels have been written by him since then. Many novels had been written by him before he went to university. More novels would be written by him as he promised. B 情态动词的被动结构 情态动词的主动结构一般式must /can/ could/may/might/ ought to/ used to/ need do 完成式 must /can/ could/may/might/ ought to/ used to/ need have done例句 We must take measures to protect our environment. →Measures must be taken to protect our environment. You ought to water the flowers twice a day. → The flowers ought to be watered twice a day情态动词的被动结构 一般式must /can/ could/may/might/ ought to/ used to/ need be done 完成式must /can/ could/may/might/ ought to/ used to/ need have been done C. 不定式的被动语态 形式例句be going to be to be sure to be certain to + be +过去分词 be due to be about toThe flowers are to be watered twice a day. The thief is sure to be caught. The book is due to be published next month. The meeting is going to be held this weekend. D.系表结构与被动结构的区别 被动语态表示动作的被执行或承受；而系表结构表示主语的特点，性质或状态