《经济学原理第三版》.ppt

Principles of Economics Third Edition by N. Gregory Mankiw 经济学原理 （第三版） 1 INTRODUCTION 导言 Ten Principles of Economics经济学十大原理 Chapter 1 Economy. . . 经济… . . . The word economy comes from a Greek word for “one who manages a household.” 经济一词来源于希腊语，意思是“管理家庭的人”。 A household and an economy face many decisions:一个家庭和经济体面临很多决策： Who will work? 谁去工作？ What goods and how many of them should be produced? 应该生产什么物品？应该生产多少？ A household and an economy face many decisions:一个家庭和经济体面临很多决策： What resources should be used in production? 应该用什么资源生产？ At what price should the goods be sold? 物品的销售价格应该是多少？ Society and Scarce Resources:社会和稀缺资源： The management of society’s resources is important because resources are scarce. 因为资源是稀缺的，所以社会资源的管理就很重要。 Scarcity . . . 稀缺… . . . means that society has limited resources and therefore cannot produce all the goods and services people wish to have. …意思是说，社会拥有有限的资源，不能生产出人们想要的所有物品与劳务。 Economics 经济学 Economics is the study of how society manages its scarce resources. 经济学——研究社会如何管理自己的稀缺资源的学科。 Economists study. . . 经济学家研究… How people make decisions.人们如何作出决策 How people interact with each other.人们如何与他人相互交易 The forces and trends that affect the economy as a whole. 影响整体经济的力量和趋势 Ten Principles of Economics People face tradeoffs. The cost of something is what you give up to get it. Rational people think at the margin. People respond to incentives. How People Make Decisions 经济学十大原理 人们面临权衡取舍 某东西的成本就是为得到它所放弃的东西 理性人考虑边际量 人们会对激励作出反应 人们如何作出决策 Ten Principles of Economics Trade can make everyone better off. Markets are usually a good way to organize economic activity. Governments can sometimes improve economic outcomes. How People Interact with each other 经济学十大原理 贸易可以使每个人状况更好。 市场通常是组织经济活动的一种好方法。 政府有时能改善市场经济效果。 人们如何与他人相互交易 Ten Principles of Economics The standard of living depends on a country’s production. Prices rise when the government prints too much money. Society faces a short-run tradeoff between infl