词汇学Lecture 2 (Chpater 2-1).pptVIP

Chapter 2  The Sources of the English Vocabulary ;1. Introduction;2. The Indo-European Family of Languages ;1) the Germanic Group of Languages the East Germanic Branch / the North Germanic Branch / the West Germanic Branch Gothic (dead language) Swedish High German: German Danish Icelandic Low German: English Norwegian Dutch 2) Celtic Group of Languages Irish 3) Greek Group of Languages Greek ;* 4) Latin Group of Languages Latin, Romanian, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian and French 5) Baltic-Slavic Group of Languages Russian, Bulgarian, Polish and Serbian 6) Indic-Iranian Group of Languages Hindi, Persian and Afghan 7) Albanian Group of Languages Albanian 8) Armenian Group of Languages Armenian ;3. The Characteristic Features of the Indo-European Family of Languages ; A language may have inflections fully retained relatively from the original Indo-European, like Russian, or it may have lost most of its distinctive word-endings like modern English: it may, as grammarians say, be “synthetic” with full inflections or “analytic” with few inflections or even without inflections. But if we can think of its forms fairly readily as nouns, verbs, etc., that is to say, under the traditional classical terms of “Parts of Speech”, it will probably be found to be Indo-European.; There are 2 classes of languages in the world: they are “synthetic” and “analytic”. A synthetic language is one which shows the relation of words in a sentence largely by means of inflections. An analytic language is one which indicates the relation of words in a sentence by means of word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs, rather than by inflections. Chinese, with its forms consisting not of parts of spe