英语专业八级(2012-2013).pdfVIP

– 1 – TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012) -GRADE EIGHT- TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while com- pleting the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture. Observing Behaviour People do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily- life observation and research observation. A. Differences — daily life observation -casual -(1) ________ -dependence on memory (1) ____________ — research observation - (2) _________ (2) ____________ - careful record keeping B. Ways to select samples in research — time sampling - systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour - random: fixed intervals but (3) _______ (3) ____________ Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination. — (4) _______ (4) ____________ - definition: selection of different locations - reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across (5) ____________ circumstances - (6) ______: more objective observations (6) ____________ C. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______ (7) ____________ — observation with intervention - participant observation: researcher as observer and participant - field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions (8) ____________ — observation without intervention -purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______ (9) ____________ - (10) ______ : no interventio