定语从句讲义[个人精心整理].docVIP

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 6 一．定语从句定义及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的 先行词之后。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。???关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,?which,?who,?whom,?whose,?as等； 关系副词有when,?where,?why等。??关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句B.代替先行词,C.在定语从句中担当一个成分 关系词先行词从句成分例句关系代词who 人主语，宾语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom 人宾语The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working whose人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. that人，物主语，宾语 表语A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. She is not the person that she used to bewhich 物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.  备注Who,whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that和who关系副词when时间状语?I?will?never?forget?the?days?when?we?spent?our?holidays?together.where地点状语I?know?a?place?where?we?can?have?a?picnicwhy原因状语This?is?the?reason?why?he?was?fired.?? 二．关系代词表格 例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分） ① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语） ② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语） ③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语） ④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语） ⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语） 三．6个关系代词的用法 1）关系代词that和which的用法 which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。 His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets. The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black. ▲但在有些情况下，只用 that 1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。 ① This is the best way that has been used against pollution. ② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. 2.