定语从句学习指导和练习资料整理.docVIP

第  PAGE 13 页 共  NUMPAGES 13 页 定语从句 一. 基本概念 The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. 住在我们隔壁的人卖蔬菜. You must do everything that I do. 你必须做我做的一切. 定语从句：（在复合句中）作定语的从句。 （提示：把从句看成一个整体） （复习：单词，词组和句子都可以作定语。如：I bought his book. I bought his new book. I borrowed the book which he bought yesterday. ) （思考：什么叫主语从句，宾语从句，状语从句，表语从句？） 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 （思考：如何理解“先行”？） 引导词：引导定语从句的词，又叫关系词，分为关系代词( that，which，who，whom，whose） 和关系副词（when, where, why） 注意: 1. 定语从句要放在先行词之后, 而在汉语中，无论定语有多长，都要放在名词之前。例如：He still remembers the house where he was born. 他还记得他出生的房子。 2. 从句的结构= 连接词+主语+谓语。例如：I don’t know what he said. (凡是从句都要使用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后) 小结：能够划出主句和定语从句；先行词和引导词是基本功。 试练如下几题： 1. I shall never forget the day when I went to college. 2. The boy who is playing on the grass is her brother. 3. The letter which I received yesterday was from my best friend. 4. The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan. 5. Do you know the park which was built last year? 二. 引导词的三大功能 (I) 连接主句和从句。 (2) 代替先行词（以免重复）。 (3) 在定语从句中充当句子成分。 如：I lost the book which I bought yesterday. 　(which在定语从句中作宾语） 定语从句引导词的选用及其省略是高考的重点和难点，但是，始终围绕引导词的“三大功能”思考，是掌握定语从句的关键。 技巧：定语从句都可以转换成一个陈述句。 (which I bought yesterday=I bought the book yesterday.）。 试练如下几题： 1. The boy who is playing on the grass is my brother. 2. I don’t know the reason why (=for which) he didn’t help me. 3. Can you tell me the way in which you learn English? 4. This is the school where I studied 10 years ago. 5. My brother, who is an engineer, is thirty-two. 我的哥哥三十二岁，他是一个工程师。 三．先行词和引导词的关系 1. 关系代词是先行词的复指 A plane is a machine that can fly. (that = the machine) The boy who broke the window is called Tom. (who = the boy ) 2. 关系代词whose是先行词的所有格 The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. (whose = the boy’s) 3. 关系副词是介词＋先行词 The school where (=in which) I study is far from my home. (where = in the school) 试练如下几题： 1. Do you know the boy whose mother is a doctor? 2. This is the house where(=in which) we lived te