托福阅读模拟练习之jazz.pdfVIP

智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料 托福阅读模拟练习之Ｊａｚｚ 托福的阅读理解在托福考试中占着相当重要的比例，对于将要参加 考试的人来说考前的模拟训练必不可少，既能熟悉题型，也能锻炼手感 ，使得大家对阅读的材料保持一种高度的敏感度，所以在考前，大家要 多多练习模拟题，还是很有帮助的! ? ? Jazz has been called the art of expression set to music, and Americas great contribution to music. It has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of fairly widespread public response, in the jazz age of the 1920s, in the swing era of the late 1930s and in the peak popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard legend about Jazz is that it originated around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans and moved up the Mississippi River to Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded together the elements of Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues. However, the influences of what led to those early sounds goes back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the first real Jazz musician, around 1891. ? What made Jazz significantly different from the other earlier forms of music was the use of improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from traditional music where a composer wrote an entire piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians to break their backs playing exactly what was written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however, the song is simply a starting point, or sort of skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to improvise around. Actually, many of the early Jazz musicians were bad sight readers and some couldnt even read music at all. Generally speaking, these early musicians couldnt make very much money and were stuck working menial jobs to make a living. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small bands and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained greater success. This music is known as hot Jazz due to the enormousl