01绪论教程.ppt

Microbiology微生物学;;;最早的生命出现在约35亿年前 地球历史的85％是只有细菌和古生菌两类组成的原核生物;“晚疫病” Late blight, 病原体为Phytophthora infestans （致病疫霉）;Bubonic Plague黑死病;微生物与人类关系的重要性，怎么强调都不过分，微生物是一把十分锋利的双刃剑，它们在给人类带来巨大利益的同时也带来“残忍”的破坏。它给人类带来的利益不仅是享受，而且实际上涉及到人类的生存。 在近代科学中，对人类福利最大的一门科学，要算是微生物学了。; The experimental basis of microbiology The general principles of cell structure and function The classification and diversity of microorganisms Biochemical processes in cells The genetic basis of microbial growth and evolution The ecological activities of microorganisms in nature ;沈 萍 1999. 微生物学 高等教育出版社。;Chapter 1 Intoduction of Microorganisms;Chapter outline;The word “microbe (microorganism)” is used to describe an organism that is so small that can not be served without the use of a microscope. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and some algae are all included in this category. 微生物（microorganism, microbe）是一切肉眼看不见或看不清楚的微小生物的总称。;Microorgnism / Microbe / Germ 微生物 Bacterium (Bacteria) 细菌 Fungus (Fungi) / Algae 真菌/藻类 Virus 病毒 Archaea 古生菌 Prokaryote / prokaryotic / prokaryota Eukaryote / eukaryotic / eukarya ; Microbe;Microbes impinge on all aspects of life, just a few of these are listed below:;1.3 The importance of microbiology;Microbiology;Microbiology;;类群;Microbiology is one of the most rewarding of professions, because it gives its practitioners the opportunity to be in contact with all the other natural science and thus to contribute in many different ways to the betterment of human life.;1.4 Taxonomic position of microorganism;5 Kingdoms;3 Domains;Carl Woese ;形态和遗传;形态和遗传;生理;Microbial world;Bacteria;Bacteria size range Thiomargarita (750 μm) to nanobacteria (0.02 μm) in rocks;Actinomycetes;Cyanobacteria;Archaea;Algae;Fungi (molds);Fungi (yeast mushroom);Protozoa;Virus;Compared with plant and animal cells, microorganisms are: Small in size, large in acreage;Microorganisms;微生物的五大共性 ;1.6 The history of microbiology;Microscope of Robert Hooke in 1664;This drawing, published in 1655, is the first de