第12 单元 被动语态的翻译.ppt

被动语态的翻译;Today’s Items ;英语中被动语态使用范围很广。凡是在不必说出主动者、不愿说出主动者、无从说出主动者或者是为了上下文连贯等等场合，往往都用被动语态。这一特点在英语科技语体中反映得更为突出。然而汉语中的被动语态的使用范围却狭窄得多。在翻译英语被动语态的句子时，很多情况下，都可译成汉语的主动句。;一、被动语态在英语中的运用;1.没有必要说明施动者;2.出于礼貌措辞,不愿说出施动者。;3.无从说出施动者;4. 为了便于上下文衔接;5. 为了突出谈话的中心;;I. 用词汇的手段来表现被动意义;;II 用词序手段来表现被动意义;I. 翻译成汉语的主动句 II. 译成汉语的被动句 III. 译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句 IV. 转换法 ;I 翻译成汉语的主动句;II 译成汉语的被动句;III 译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句 ;IV. 转换法;I 翻译成汉语的主动句;1. “加以”,?“经过”,?“用……来” ，“可以用来”;;2.增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语;;;3.主语译成宾语;4.翻译成汉语的无主句;;5. ?翻译成带“是……的”的主动句;II 译成汉语的被动结构 ;;;III 译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句 ;;IV. 转换法;;小结：被动语态的翻译;; English is spoken in England, America, Canada and some other countries. 英国、美国、加拿大以及其他一些国家讲英语。 Smoking is not permitted here/in the office. 这里/办公室不许抽烟。 Many a factory has been set up in my hometown. 我的家乡建起了许多工厂。 A class meeting will be held tomorrow. 明天开个班会。 ; He is seen to be working in the workshop. 有人看见他在车间劳动。 Mr Lin is considered to be a good teacher. 大家认为林老师是一位好老师。 He is expected to pass the examination. 大家希望他考试能及格。 He is believed to be honest. 大家相信他是诚实的。; The book was written by a black. 这本书是一个黑人写的。 History is made by the people. 历史是人民创造的。 My holiday was spent in the country. 我的假期是在乡下度过的。 The fish was found in a pond. 鱼是在一个池塘里发现的。; It is considered of no use learning a theory without practice. 人们认为脱离实践学理论毫无用处。 Thousands of cars are produced by FIAT every year. 菲亚特汽车公司每年生产成千上万辆小汽车。 He was asked ten questions in the oral examination and answered every one of them correctly. 口试时， 问了十个问题，他全都答对了。 ;It is considered that women tell lies more often than men. 有人认为女人将谎话要比男人多。 Special emphasis must be placed on the gravity (严重性) of corruption among some high officials in China. 必须特别强调我国某些高级政府官员贪污腐败的严重性。;*;When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that c