汉语句子的英译(一)--主语的处理.pptVIP

汉译英句子的构句之一----主语的处理;Contents;主语的选择和确立;;汉译英中，主语的 确立是句子翻译的第一步。选择了一定的主语，基本决定了句子构造的走向。主语选择恰当，句子就便于构造了。常常选择不同成分作主语，决定了不同的组句方式。例如： 1) 为了维持生计，有沉重和繁重的家务要干。不少家庭主妇被家务活累坏了身体。 ? In order to make a living, there is a lot of heavy housework. As a result, many housewives break down. (?) ? In order to make a living, many housewives have to do a lot of housework so that they finally break down. (?) ? Revised: In order to make a living, many housewives have to do a lot of housework and eventually exhaust themselves physically. 主语选择合适, 便于构句 ; 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。 A. A person can not be judged from his appearance just as an ocean can not be measured by pints. ?B. It is impossible to judge people from their appearances, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints. ?C. (王)We can’t judge people from their appearance, just as we can’t measure the ocean by pints.? ;因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会是与外界隔绝的。这种隔绝状态，由于通讯工具不足，就变得更加严重了。 a. Due to Long distances and lack of transport facilities, the rural areas are isolated from the outside world，which is made more serious by the lack of communication instruments. (基本保留了原文句法结构) b. Long distances and lack of transport facilities make the rural areas isolated from the outside world，which is made more serious by the lack of communication instruments. （部分保留原文句法机构） c. The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media. （完全摒弃了原文句法结构。其中，名词化结构（nominalization）充当主语与句式构造方式密不可分） ;1. 以原句主语作译文主语;3) 离上海仅有几小时路程的苏州和杭州，是中国园林艺术的代表，被人称为“天堂”。 a. Neighbouring Suzhou and Hangzhou, only a couple of hours away from Shanghai by train or by car, are two garden cities that embody the essence of Chinese gardening architecture. For this reason, both of them are considered by the Chinese to be paradise on earth. （保留了原句的主语） b. A few hours ride (from Shanghai 上文暗含)will take you to Suzhou and Hangzhou, which represents the essence of Chinese Gardening Arts, and is, therefore, known as “paradis