【金版新学案】2013-2014学年高中英语必修4同步辅导与检测：Unit4Bodylanguage第四学时.pptVIP

第四学时　Grammar;动词-ing形式作定语和状语 一、动词-ing形式作定语 1．单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ① 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room＝a room which is used for reading阅览室 running shoes＝shoes for running跑鞋 a working method ＝a method of working工作方法 a drawing board 画板 a sewing machine缝纫机;a swimming pool 游泳池 a waiting room候车室 a dining car 餐车 a driving permit驾驶许可证 a singing competition 歌咏比赛 a walking stick 手杖 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries＝countries that are developing 发展中国家;an ordinary-looking house＝a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem＝a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 a barking dog 狂吠的狗 a disappointing play 令人失望的戏剧 an astonishing adventure 惊人的冒险 a sleeping baby熟睡的婴儿 boiling water 正在沸腾的水 failing sight 逐渐衰退的视力 the setting sun 落日 the coming week 下一周;2．作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。 The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. 装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去。 They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 3．某些情况下，动词-ing形式不能用来作定语，必须用定语从句。 ① 作定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。;误：The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture. 正：The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture. 昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。 ② 动词-ing形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。 误：The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. 正：The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. 被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。;二、动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于???首；作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。 1．表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Having made full preparations，we are ready for the examination.＝After we have made full preparations... 我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。;2．表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Being ill，he didnt go to school yesterday.(＝Since he was ill...) 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 3．表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。 His father died，leaving him a lot of money. ＝…and left him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。 4．表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Working hard at your lessons，you will succeed. ＝If you work hard at your lessons... 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。;5．表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。