2014年秋《全优课堂》高中英语（北师大版必修二）同步课件Unit6Period3Grammar.pptVIP

Period Three　Grammar;一、定语从句 1．定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词称作先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which或关系副词when，where，why)引导。; 2．定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或事物。这类从句不能去掉，否则意义不完整。在译成汉语时，这类从句一般也译成从句。非限制性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词做进一步说明，去掉之后仍然成立。这类从句通常和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开，译为汉语时，从句可译成一个并列的句子。 ; 二、定语从句的关系代词 1．限制性定语从句，如果修饰人，一般用关系代词who，有时用that。 Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语) A man who doesnt try to learn from others cant hope to achieve much. 一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有什么成就的。;(1)如果这个关系代词在从句中作宾语，就应当用宾格whom或that，但在大多数情况下都可省略掉，在口语中可用who代替whom。 He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天看见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) He is the man(whom) youve been looking for. 他就是你一直在找的人。 There are some people here who I want you to meet. 这儿有些我想让你见的人。 ;(2)在介词之后只能用whom。 This is the man to whom I referred just now. 这就是我刚才提到的那个人。 Have you met the person about whom he was speaking? 他讲的那个人你见过吗？ (3)在口语中一般都把介词放到句子后部去，这时可用that，也可以省略。 The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.＝The girl(who/that) I spoke to is my cousin. 刚才和我说话的那个女孩是我表妹。;2．限制性定语从句如果修饰“物”，用关系代词that，也可以用which。它们所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。 A Period of prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣时期。(which/that在从句中作主语) The package (which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which/that在从句中作宾语); (1)当关系代词在从句中用作宾语时，口语中常常省略(尤其被修饰的词是all，everything等不定代词时)。 All you have to do is to press the button. 你只要把按钮一按就行了。 Thats the only thing we can do now. 那是现在我们能做的唯一的事情。 ; (2)在介词后只能用which，在口语中可以把介词放到从句之后，此时关系代词也可以省略。 This is the question about which weve had so much discussion.＝This is the question(which) weve had so much discussion about. 这就是我们讨论得那么多的问题。; 3．在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人的时候，关系代词只能是who，whom，不能用that；先行词指物的时候，关系代词只能用which，不能用that。 Charles Smith，who was my former teacher，retired last year. 查尔斯·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 The house，which we bought last month，is very nice. 我们去年买的那幢房子很不错。;语法专练 1．We live in an age________more information