名师指津非谓语动词总复习总汇.ppt

;复习非谓语动词还需掌握以下几点： 1. 句法作用 (除谓语外的其他成分);2. 时态和语态(以do为例); 时态与语态的判断方法: 时态：非谓语动词的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前，用完成式，否则，就用一般式。 语态：当非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动关系，用主动式；是被动关系，用被动式。;3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语。;4. 有特殊要求的动词或短语动词。 ⑴ 有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词作宾语。如ask, demand(要求), plan, intend, mean(计划), manage, do/try one’s best, make an attempt, learn(学习), wish, hope, desire, expect, long, want, would like, should like, would prefer (希望、愿意), agree, promise(同意), decide, determine, choose, make a decision, make up one’s mind(决定), offer(主动提出), apply(申请), help(帮助), fail(不能、没有), prepare(准备), pretend(假装), refuse(拒绝), happen(碰巧), afford(负担得起)等。; ⑵ 有的动词或短语动词后只能用动名词而不 能接不定式。如allow, permit(允许), consider( 考虑), suggest, advice(建议), keep (on)(反复; 不停), finish(完成), imagine(想象), practise (练 习), understand(明白), appreciate, enjoy(喜欢), miss(错过; 怀念), prevent(阻止), forbid(禁止), escape(避免), include(包括), forgive, pardon, excuse(原谅), dislike(厌恶), discuss(讨论), report (报道), admit(承认), mind(介意), risk(冒险), can’t stand(不能忍受), burst out(突然开始), feel like (想要), insist on(坚持), delay, put off(推迟), give up(放弃), be busy(忙于), be worth(值得)等。;⑶ 下列动词和短语动词后接不定式和接动名词意义不同：remember to do(记住去做)，remember doing(记得做过)；forget to do(忘记去做)，forget doing(忘记做过)；regret to do (遗憾地做)，regret doing(后悔做了)；try to do(设法做)，try doing(试做)；go on to do(接着做另一事)，go on doing(继续做同一事)；mean to do(打算做)，mean doing(意味着)；stop to do(停下来去做)，stop doing(停止做)；can’t help to do(不能帮助做)，can’t help doing(情不自禁做)。;⑷ 在介词后一般用动名词，下面是一些含介 词的固定句式(其中有的介词有时会被省略)：prevent /stop /keep… from doing (阻止……做……)；spend /waste time or money in doing (在做……方面花费/浪费时间或金钱)；How /What about doing sth.(做……怎么样？)；have some difficulty/trouble in doing (在做……方面有些困难)；have a hard time in doing sth.(做某事很艰难); there is no sense in doing(做…… 是没有理由/道理的)；thank /excuse /admire /praise /blame /scold /punish sb. for doing sth. (因做某事而感谢/原谅/羡慕/表扬/责备/责骂/惩罚某人)等。;⑸ to是介词的固定词组很多，常见的有：look forward to(盼望), devote…to /be devoted to(致力于), be/get used to(习惯), lead to(导致), get down to(开始认真), pay attention to(注意), refer to(谈到), point to