暴风苏公式化语法第3章：定语从句word版.docVIP

Stormsue New Dimension English Grammar 暴风苏语法新思维 - PAGE 22- 第三章：定语从句 第一讲：概念 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、代词、词组甚至句子即 HYPERLINK /view/185.htm \t _blank 先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后（如果不产生歧义也可以不跟在先行词之后），由关系词（ HYPERLINK /view/200887.htm \t _blank 关系代词或关系 HYPERLINK /view/149.htm \t _blank 副词）引出。 关系代词。 关系代词所代替先行词，在句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 who 在定语从句中做主语，指代人。 Is he the man who wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？（who在从句中作主语） whom 在定语从句中做宾语，指代人。 He is the man whom I saw yesterday 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom在从句中作宾语） 3. that 在定语从句指代人或物，做主语或宾语。 A prosperity that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（that在句中作主语） 4. which 在定语从句指代物，做主语或宾语。 The package which you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which在句中作宾语） whose 在定语从句中指代人或物，做定语。它还可以同of which互换，指人的时候也可以用of whom 代替. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. =They rushed over to help the man the car of whom had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose cover is green.　 Please pass me the book the cover of which is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 关系副词。 关系副词在定语从句中做状语。 1. why 在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason (reasons). Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 2. when 在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词是表示时间的名词或词组。如，second, minute, hour, day, month, year…the moment, the point, occasion, one’s stay… I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 3. where 在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词是表示地点的名词或词组。如，place, home, factory…换句话说，如果不是表示原因或时间的先行词均可以人认为是表示地点的。 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 介词+which/whom. 1. 所有的关系副词都可以用介词+which来代替，如for which=why, in which=when, on which=where…，在定语从句中做原因、时间和地点状语。 The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, This is the house in which/where I lived two years ago.　 From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. 2. 如果存在其他的状语，就可以用介词+which/whom来表示。如，by/through/with which 就可以表示方式状语。 The man by whom the tiger was killed was really a hero