2.名词、代词.ppt

名词 1. 专有名词 2. 普通名词 3. 名词的数 4.名词所有格 专有名词(首位字母大写) e.g. Mr. Smith / the Himalayas / China / September 普通名词（个体、集体、物质和抽象名词） ①集体名词 police / crew / public / audience / youth 表示人或物的总称 ②抽象名词 knowledge/ progress / happiness;名词的数（可数和不可数名词） ①复合名词变复数 e.g. a) bathrooms / girl friends (women doctors) b) sons-in-law / grown-ups ②不可数名词复数 e.g. a) fishes / fruits / peoples (类别) b) sands (沙滩), snows(积雪),greens(蔬菜) c) times(时代),works(作品),spirits(烈酒) ;名词所有格(-’s属格, of 属格和双重属格) ① an hour’s speech (the women’s rights, the people’s needs) ② the teachers’office, the boys’ toy, at the Smith’s (斯密斯家). ③(of属格：无生命东西的所有格) e.g. the cover of the book the toy of my little sister (修饰名词的定语较长) ④ (双重属格：名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词) a book of Sherry’ s some inventions of Edison’s ;名词的功能(主、宾、表、定和补语) ① 定语(表示材料、用途、地点和性质等) e.g. a) shoe store, kitchen counter, bus driver b) a three-legged table, a three-day holiday ② 补语 e.g. a) Dear God, makes me bird, fly away. b) I called him Xiao Li.;代词 1. 代词的分类 2. 不定代词（考试重点） 代词的分类 ①人称代词(I, you, me, her…) ②物主代词(my, mine…) ③反身代词(myself, yourself…) ④相互代词(each other…) ⑤指示代词(that, this… ) ⑥疑问代词(who, what…) ⑦不定代词(all, none, other, another, each, every…);不定代词(具有名、形、副词功能) ① all (n. adj. adv.) e.g. a) All is well. / All are here. b) All students love sports. c) He is doing it all by himself. （强调）;(2) no (adj. adv.)，none (n.)=no one e.g. a) No comments are suitale to explain the event. (adj.) b) She no longer feared me. (adv.) c) None of the stories is interesting. (n.) d) How many fish did you catch? --- None. ; (3)each（名，形，副），every（形） e.g. a) Each has his own duty. (名词、个体) b) We each know the secret.(副词)（强调作用） c) Eac