Lithium-Ion Battery Safety Study Using Multi-Physics Internal Short-Circuit Model.pdf

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Lithium-Ion Battery Safety Study Using Multi-Physics Internal Short-Circuit Model The 5th Intl. Symposium on Large Lithium-Ion Battery Technology and Application in Conjunction with AABC09 June 9-10, 2009, Long Beach, CA Gi-Heon Kim, Kandler Smith, Ahmad Pesaran National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado This research activity is funded by US DOE’s ABRT program (Dave Howell) NREL/PR-540-45856 gi-heon.kim@nrel.gov 2National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Background 20 40 sec8 28 Total Volumetric Heat Release from Component Reactions 4 2416 3612 32 ? NREL’s Li-ion thermal abuse modeling study was started under the Advanced Technology Development (ATD) program; it is currently funded by Advanced Battery Research for Transportation (ABRT) program. ? NREL’s previous model study ? focused on understanding the interaction between heat transfer and exothermic abuse reaction propagation for a particular cell/module design, and ? provided insight on how thermal characteristics and conditions can impact safety events of lithium-ion batteries. 3Focus Here: Internal Short-Circuit National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future ? Li-Ion thermal runaway due to internal short-circuit is a major safety concern. ? Other safety concerns may be controlled by electrical and mechanical methods. ? Initial latent defects leading to later internal shorts may not be easily controlled, and evolve into a hard short through various mechanisms: separator wear-out, metal dissolution and deposition on electrode surface, or extraneous metal debris penetration, etc. ? Thermal behavior