AP-1 signaling pathway.pdfVIP

Hindawi Publishing Corporation Mediators of Inflammation Volume 2013, Article ID 326041, 12 pages /10.1155/2013/326041 Research Article Thrombin Promotes Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 Expression through the PKC??/c-Src/EGFR/PI3K/Akt/AP-1 Signaling Pathway in Human Chondrocytes Chun-Yin Huang,1,2,3 Hsiu-Jung Lin,4 Hsin-Shui Chen,3,5 Shi-Yann Cheng,3,6 Horng-Chaung Hsu,3,7 and Chih-Hsin Tang3,8,9 1 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin County, Taiwan 3 School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 4Department of Nursing, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin County, Taiwan 5Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin County, Taiwan 6Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin County, Taiwan 7Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan 8Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 9Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan Correspondence should be addressed to Chih-Hsin Tang; chtang@.tw Received 16 October 2013; Accepted 4 November 2013 Academic Editor: Shun-Fa Yang Copyright ? 2013 Chun-Yin Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Thrombin is a key mediator of fibrin deposition, angiogenesis, and proinflammatory processes. Abnormalities in these processes are primary features of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) may contribute to the breakdown of articular cartilage during arthritis. However, the role of thrombin in MMP-13 production in chondro