2014-Is tillage an effective method to decrease phosphorus loss from.pdf

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2014-Is tillage an effective method to decrease phosphorus loss from.pdf

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2014-Is tillage an effective method to decrease phosphorus loss from

Soil Tillage Research 135 (2014) 1–8Is tillage an effective method to decrease phosphorus loss from phosphorus enriched pastoral soils? R.J. Dodd a,b, R.W. McDowell a,b,*, L.M. Condron b aAgResearch Ltd, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand b Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch PO Box 84, New Zealand A R T I C L E I N F O Article history: Received 8 April 2013 Received in revised form 28 August 2013 Accepted 31 August 2013 Keywords: Phosphorus enriched soil Water quality Subsurface flow A B S T R A C T The enrichment of soil phosphorus (P) can increase the potential for P loss via surface run-off and subsurface flow and impair surface water quality via eutrophication. The potential for P loss via surface runoff can be decreased by adding less P fertiliser and redistributing P within the plough layer through tillage. We tested the hypothesis that tillage would also decrease subsurface losses by disrupting preferential flow pathways and increasing P sorption as water moves via matrix flow. A 455-day lysimeter trial, carried out between February 2011 and May 2012 investigated subsurface P losses from four contrasting New Zealand soils (USDA soil taxonomy: Udand; Dystrudept; Fragiochrept and Vitrand) where P fertilisers were withheld and pasture was established following conventional tillage (to 20 cm) or conservation tillage (of the top 2 cm of soil-termed ‘direct drilled’). Our main objective was to assess the effectiveness of implementing conventional tillage methods during a farm regrassing program as a method to decrease P loss via subsurface flow from pasture soils. In the tilled and direct drilled treatments, Olsen P, water extractable P and calcium chloride extractable P concentrations decreased by 5–59% over the length of the trial in the top 0–75 mm. The tilled soils showed a larger decrease in soil P concentrations than the direct drilled soils, but this was not consis