关於读写障碍(Dyslexia)的定义-DyslexiaInternational.doc

Welcome Thank you for taking part in this world-wide survey on good educational and administrative practice in teaching people with dyslexia. The information you provide will be reported at the World Dyslexia Forum February 4th, 2010 to which national teacher-trainer decision makers are officially invited. 歡迎 謝謝閣下參與這次有關讀寫障礙的世界性調查﹐以及在調查中分享當中良好的教學法和實踐方法。閣下所提供的資訊將會在二零一零年二月四日於《世界讀寫障礙論壇》發表。這次論壇將會邀請各國負責培訓教師的專業人士及政策執行者出席。 The definitions of dyslexia (關於讀寫障礙的定義) “The official definition by the World Federation of Neurology – a non-governmental organization in association with the World Health Organization (WHO)” 世界衛生組織與世界神經學聯盟對讀寫障礙下的定義： “A disorder manifested by difficulty learning to read, despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence and socio-cultural opportunity. It is dependent upon fundamental cognitive disabilities which are frequently of constitutional origin” 讀寫障礙是由於一種與生俱來的認知困難所致。縱使這類學童的智力正常、有正常的社交活動及接受傳統教育的機會，他們均在閱讀方面呈現出明顯的學習困難。 According to the definitions given by World Dyslexia Forum – Paris 2007 根據《世界讀寫障礙巴黎論壇2007》的定義 “Dyslexia is a neurological condition which is often inherited. It results in problems with reading, writing, spelling, and usually goes with difficulties in concentration, short term memory, organization.” 讀寫障礙是由腦神經的異常狀態所構成，這些異常狀態多由遺傳所致。讀寫障礙可引致以下各方面的問題，包括：閱讀、書寫、拼寫，以及聯繫到其它困難，如專注力、工作記憶及組織能力。 “Dyslexia is NOT the result of stupidity. Nor is dyslexia the result of poor schooling, poor home background, lack of wanting to learn, poor sight, poor hearing or poor muscle control, although it may occur with these conditions.” 讀寫障礙並不是由於智力低所致，亦不是由以下的因素所構成，縱使這些問題可跟讀寫方面的問題同時存在。這些因素包括： 不充分的教學法、 不利於學習的家庭背景、 缺乏學習動機和 感知方面的缺陷（如視覺、聽覺和肌肉控制等訊息處理缺陷）。 ‘Dyslexic learners have many talents that just don’t happen to include reading and writing.’ Professor John Stein, Chair, Dyslexia International Scientific Advisory Committee 「讀寫障礙的學童其實有多方面的天賦﹐只是這些天賦難以展現在閱讀和寫作方面的學習領域。」Professor John Stein, Chair, Dyslexia International Scientific Advisory