专英语翻译业第1篇.doc

Electric charge is as fundamental a constituent of our Universe as the mass and energy.Indeed,present physical theory supposes that all matter consists of particles,the principa attributes of which are mass and electric charge . 电荷和质量，能量一样是我们宇宙的基础要素。事实上，目前物理理论假设物质是由粒子组成，而粒子的主要属性是质量和电荷。 Two kinds of charge are know ,arbitrarily designated positive and negative ,which are characterized by the experimental observation that, under static conditions, separated like charges exert a mutual force of repulsion, whilst unlike charges,under similar conditions,exert a force of attraction.Under these conditions the field of force associated with charge is referred to as an electric field . 众所周知有两种电荷，任意地指定正的和负的，它们的特性可以通过实验观察出来，静态条件下，独立的相同电荷具有相互排斥力，而不同的电荷，在同类的情况下，会有相互吸引力。在这些条件下力场使电荷产生电场。 The smallest known charge is that of a single electron, and, since this is much too small to adopt as a unit for all but a few special purposes ,a unit, the COULOMB, equal to 6.24*10 electrons ,has been chosen as the practiced (S.I.) unit . 已知一个单一的电子是最小的电荷，而且，因为它太小所以用来做为单位，除非在一些特别的情况下。一库伦等于6.24*10(18)的电子，它已作为国际(S.I.)单位。 As a consequence of their mutual forces, any system of charges possesses potential en- ergy, since ,unless constrained, the individual charges will mo- ve and energy will be released. As part of the theoretical struc- ture this energy is ascribed to the electric field, and so it is possible to identify with every point in the field a level of en- ergy, the magnitude of which is dependent upon the charges and their relative positions . 由于电荷具有相互力，所以任何电荷的集合都具有势能，因为，除了限制，独立的电荷能移动和释放能量。作为理论架构这种能量归因于电场一部分，而且能确定电场上同一水平上每一点的能量，每一点的大小决定于电荷和它们的相对位置。 When one of the charges is of unit magnitude ,and positive, the energy at the point definin its position is referred to as the POTENTIAL at that point ,and hence is measured (in S.I.units ) in JOULES per COULOMB (J/C) or VOLTS. The POENT- IAL DIFFERENCE between two points in a field is therefor the difference in energy ,per unit