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PAGE 48 PAGE 47 Zoological Research 38(1): 44-48, 2017 ZOOLOGICAL?RESEARCH PAGE 44 Science?Press Zoological Research 38(1): 44-48, 2017 Expression of pIgR in the tracheal mucosa of SHIV/SIV-infected rhesus macaques Dong Li, Feng-Jie Wang, Lei Yu, Wen-Rong Yao, Yan-Fang Cui, Gui-Bo Yang* National Institute of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China-CDC, Beijing 102206, China ABSTRACT Polymeric immunoglobulin receptors (pIgR) are key participants in the formation and secretion of secretory IgA (S-IgA), which is critical for the prevention of microbial infection and colonization in the respiratory system. Although increased respiratory colonization and infections are common in HIV/AIDS, little is known about the expression of pIgR in the airway mucosa of these patients. To address this, the expression levels of pIgR in the tracheal mucosa and lungs of SHIV/SIV-infected rhesus macaques were examined by real-time RT-PCR and confocal microscopy. We found that the levels of both PIGR mRNA and pIgR immunoreactivity were lower in the tracheal mucosa of SHIV/SIV-infected rhesus macaques than that in non-infected rhesus macaques, and the difference in pIgR immunoreactivity was statistically significant. IL-17A, which enhances pIgR expression, was also changed in the same direction as that of pIgR. In contrast to changes in the tracheal mucosa, pIgR and IL-17A levels were higher in the lungs of infected rhesus macaques. These results indicated abnormal pIgR expression in SHIV/SIV, and by extension HIV infections, which might partially result from IL-17A alterations and might contribute to the increased microbial colonization and infection related to pulmonary complications in HIV/AIDS. Keywords: Tracheal mucosa; Lungs; pIgR; SHIV/SIV infection; IL-17A INTRODUCTION The respiratory system is continuously exposed to foreign antigens from either airborne or commensal microbes. Due to vulnerability of the physical epithelial barrier of the respiratory system, most p