Hazardous and Toxic Waste-有害有毒废弃物课件.pptVIP

Hazardous and Toxic Waste;Learning outcomes;Topics;What is Solid Waste?;Types of Solid Wastes;How Do You Manage Solid Waste?;Waste Prevention and Source Reduction;Recycling;Recycled municipal solid waste components;Recycled municipal solid waste components;Commonly recycled plastics再生塑料;Composting 堆肥;What types of solid waste are produced as a result of pharmaceutical production?;Toxicity;Toxins;Plant Toxins – did you know?;Plant Toxins – did you know?;Toxins in Nature – did you know?;Belladonna, strychnine and aconite: three of the most poisonous plants in the world.? One of these deadly alkaloid toxins was used to murder Alexander the Great.;Types of toxic entities;Environmental Toxins;Dioxins and Furans;PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls);Hexachlorobenzene: HCB is a by-product from chlorine gas and pesticide production. Pesticides Pesticides include DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (insecticide), toxaphene, chlordane, lindane and HCH. Insecticides include Organophosphorus and carbamate compounds (anticholinesterase compunds =nerve agents) and Chlorinated hydrocarbons ;Heavy Metals The most common heavy metals disposed of by industry are Mercury, Lead, Chromium, and Arsenic. Heavy metals are also found naturally in the environment. ;Biomagnification and Bioaccumulation;Biological Magnification 生物 放大 process whereby substances move up the food chain, work their way into rivers or lakes, and are eaten by aquatic organisms such as fish The fish in turn are eaten by large birds, animals or humans. The substances become concentrated in tissues or internal organs as they move up the chain E.g. pesticides or heavy metals Bioaccumulants: substances 物質 that increase in concentration in living organisms 增加 濃度 生物 as they take in contaminated air, water, or food Why do certain substances bio-accumulate? They are very slowly metabolized 代謝 or excreted 排泄. ;Bioaccumulation 生物蓄積性 occurs within a trophic level and is the increase in concentration of a substance in certain ti