高层建筑电梯活塞效应及烟气控制_李改论述.pdf

第 1 9 卷 第 5 期 2 0 0 9 年 5 月 中 国 安 全 科 学 学 报 Ch ina Sa fety Sc ience Journa l Vo l. 1 9No. 5 M ay 2 0 0 9 高层建筑电梯活塞效应及烟气控制分析 * 李 改 余 陶 卢 平 教授 (安徽建筑工业学院土木工程学院,合肥 230026) 学科分类与代码: 620. 3030 中图分类号: X928. 7 文献标识码: A 基金项目:安徽省教育厅自然科学基金资助 ( 2006KJ002A )。 =摘 要 在电梯运行活塞效应及其对火灾烟气影响理论分析基础上,分析电梯井和前室加压及 压力波动情况;结合高层建筑烟控系统的原理,通过合理的压差设计,可保证电梯系统在最大容许压 差和最小容许压差之间正常工作。通过对活塞效应及其对电梯与建筑空间之间压差影响的分析发 现,极限状态下烟气可能卷入电梯井和前室,对人员的疏散造成威胁,提出了控制活塞效应影响的上 限临界压差。研究表明, 合理的排气泄压系统、气压式挡烟系统、可变送风系统及火灾层带通风排烟 设施的系统等均能对火灾烟气进行有效控制,提高电梯疏散的安全性。研究所得的结论为火灾中利 用电梯进行疏散提供了理论指导及一种烟气控制的方法。 =关键词 高层建筑; 电梯; 活塞效应; 压差; 烟气控制 P iston Effect of E levators inH igh-rise Bu ilding and Analys is of Smoke Contro l LIG ai YU Tao LU P ing, P rof. ( School of C iv ilEng ineering, Anhu iU niversity of A rchitecture, He fei 230026, Ch ina) Abstract: Based on the theoretica l analysis o f piston effec,t ho istw ay pressurization, lobby pressurization and pressure fluctuat ions are ana lyzed. Pressure d ifference should be designed according to the rules of smoke contro l systems in high-rise buildings so that e levator systems can operate no rma lly betw een the max imum and m inimum a llow ab le pressure differences. A ccord ing to the theoretical ana lysis of piston e ffect and its influence on the pressure d ifference from the e levator lobby to the rest of the bu ilding, it could result in smoke inf iltration into the e levator lobby and threaten the f ire evacuat ion in ex trem e cases. Furthermore, the upper lim it of pressure difference is proposed to contro l the influence of piston effec.t It show s that smoke can be kept under effective controlw ith reasonable pressure relief vent system, barome-t ric damper system, variable-supply a ir system, and system w ith fire floor venting or exhaust to improve the safety of evacuation by elevators. The resu lt prov ides theoretica l d irect ion for evacuation by e levators. Key words: h igh-rise bu ilding; elevato r; p iston effec;t pressure d