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A novel MADS-box gene subfamily with a sister-group relationship to class B floral homeotic genes.pdf

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A novel MADS-box gene subfamily with a sister-group relationship to class B floral homeotic genes

ORIGINAL PAPER A. Becker ? K. Kaufmann ? A. Freialdenhoven C. Vincent ? M.-A. Li ? H. Saedler ? G. Theissen A novel MADS-box gene subfamily with a sister-group relationship to class B floral homeotic genes Received: 28 September 2001 /Accepted: 26 October 2001 / Published online: 15 December 2001 Springer-Verlag 2001 Abstract Class B floral homeotic genes specify the identity of petals and stamens during the development of angiosperm flowers. Recently, putative orthologs of these genes have been identified in different gymno- sperms. Together, these genes constitute a clade, termed B genes. Here we report that diverse seed plants also contain members of a hitherto unknown sister clade of the B genes, termed Bsister (Bs) genes. We have isolated members of the Bs clade from the gymnosperm Gnetum gnemon, the monocotyledonous angiosperm Zea mays and the eudicots Arabidopsis thaliana and Antirrhinum majus. In addition, MADS-box genes from the basal angiosperm Asarum europaeum and the eudicot Petunia hybrida were identified as Bs genes. Comprehensive expression studies revealed that Bs genes are mainly transcribed in female reproductive organs (ovules and carpel walls). This is in clear contrast to the B genes, which are predominantly expressed in male reproductive organs (and in angiosperm petals). Our data suggest that the Bs genes played an important role during the evo- lution of the reproductive structures in seed plants. The establishment of distinct B and Bs gene lineages after duplication of an ancestral gene may have accompanied the evolution of male microsporophylls and female megasporophylls 400–300 million years ago. During flower evolution, expression of Bs genes diversified, but the focus of expression remained in female reproductive organs. Our findings imply that a clade of highly con- served close relatives of class B floral homeotic genes has been completely overlooked until recently and awaits further evaluation of its developmental and evolutionary i