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2005An investigation of the mechanism of liquid injection into fluidized beds.pdf

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2005An investigation of the mechanism of liquid injection into fluidized beds

An Investigation of the Mechanism of Liquid Injection into Fluidized Beds Stefan Bruhns and Joachim Werther Chemical Engineering I, Technical University Hamburg–Harburg, D-21071 Hamburg, Germany DOI 10.1002/aic.10336 Published online in Wiley InterScience (). The mechanism of liquid injection into fluidized bed reactors was investigated by injecting water and ethanol, respectively, into a pilot-scale bubbling fluidized bed (cross section: 1 0.5 m) that was kept at temperatures between 120 and 180°C. Quartz sand and FCC catalyst were used as bed materials. The injected liquid was found to form agglomerates with the bed particles at the nozzle exit and become transported into the bed interior by mixing of the large-scale solids. There the liquids evaporate from the surface of the particles. ? 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51: 766–775, 2005 Introduction Fluidized bed reactors are widely applied in chemical engi- neering. Their applications range from physical operations, like agglomeration and coating of particles, to chemical reactors for the heterogeneous gas-phase catalysis.1 With respect to the latter application, some industrial-scale reactor concepts use the liquid injection of reactants, such as the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process,2 the aniline synthesis by BASF,3 and the production of polyethylene in the super-condensed mode.4 The liquids are injected into the reactor, evaporate in the interior of the fluidized bed, and the generated gases undergo the respective catalytic reactions. The liquid injection of reactants provides many advantages compared to the injection of reactants in the gaseous form. Because the liquid reactants evaporate in the interior of the fluidized bed, this technology allows cost savings for the evap- oration in external heat exchangers. It also minimizes the risk of hot-spot formation near the reactant feed point by providing an efficient cooling by the latent heat of evaporation, especially in the case