美国煤矿废弃地的生态修复.pdfVIP

生 态 学 报 2011，31(1):0276—0285 Acta Ecologica Sinica http: / /www． ecologica． cn 基金项目:林业公益性行业科研专项-建设工程损毁林地植被修复关键技术研究与示范(200904030);科技部国际科技合作项目-矿区生态修复关 键技术研究与示范(2009DFA930103);山西省国际科技合作项目-中美合作煤矿区损毁林地植被恢复关键技术研究(2009081045) 收稿日期:2010-08-13; 修订日期:2010-11-22 * 通讯作者 Corresponding author． E-mail: bai-lian． li@ ucr． edu 美国煤矿废弃地的生态修复 张成梁 1，2，3，B． Larry Li3，* (1． 轻工业环境保护研究所，北京 100089; 2． 山西省林业科学研究院，太原 030012; 3． University of California，Riverside，CA 92521-0124，U． S． A． ) 摘要:在对美国煤矿废弃地生态修复项目实地考察的基础上，结合相关文献资料，介绍了其煤矿废弃地生态修复的管理体系、资 金来源及使用 \技术路线及保障措施。结合实例介绍了美国煤矿废弃地生态修复的工程措施，并重点介绍了“师法自然生态修 复法”的新理念及其指导下的生态修复设计和生态修复工程建设。“师法自然生态修复法”是基于地形、地貌、水文、气象、气候 等条件，模拟自然的生态修复过程。“师法自然生态修复法”将会对我国的生态修复产生积极而深远的影响。 关键词:“师法自然生态修复法”;废弃地;煤矸石 Ecological reclamation and restoration of abandoned coal mine in the United States ZHANG Chengliang 1，2，3，B． Larry Li3，* 1 Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry，Beiijng 100089，China 2 Shanxi Forestry Academy，Taiyuan 030012，China 3 University of California，Riverside CA 92521-0124，USA Abstract: On the basis of field visits of the ecological reclamation projects in the United States abandoned coal mine，along with the relevant literature，we reviewed the current practices in the United States on their management，funding usage，and the technical route of the ecological reclamation and restoration of mine waste． Engineering measures of ecological restoration for abandoned coal mine were described with several examples． A new idea named Geomorphic Reclamation was introduced as a fundamental shift in the current theory and practice of ecological restoration of mining sites，which is an integrated approach，learning from Nature，along with the combination of geomorphic，topological，soil，ecological， hydrologic and climate /weather conditions， for the planning，design and implication of ecological reclamation and restoration． We address the potential of Geomorphic Reclamation in China and outline how such positive and potentially far- reaching impact approach can b