中考英語语法整个初中三英语重点句法.docVIP

误］ The stories in that book was written many years ago? ? 　　［正］ The stories in that book were written many years ago. ? 　　［析］作主语的名词、代词或不定式、动名词，它们往往要带有修饰词，这些词可能是形容词，也可能是短语，但谓语动词还是要取决于这个主语的数，要记住的是一个名词不可能在同一句中作两个不同的语法成份，如： book 作了 of 的介词宾语则不可能再作主语了。? 　　［误］ To read many books are good for you? ? 　　［正］ To read many books is good for you? ? 　　［析］ 不定式作主语应该看作单数主语。 ? 　　［误］ What he said are right? ? 　　［正］ What he said is right? ? 　　［析］ 从句作主语一定要按单数主语看待。 ? 　　［正］ The rich is not always happy? ? 　　［误］ The rich are not always happy? ? 　　［析］ 形容词＋定冠词表示一类人，谓语动词应用复数，如： The young are very interested in study and sports?? 　　［误］ The school master and writer are coming? ? 　　［正］ The school master and writer is coming? ? 　　［析］ 本句应译为：校长兼作家就要来了。而 The school master and the writer are coming? 则要译为：校长和一个作家要来了。在英语表达法中确实有 The girl and boy are playing on the grass? 这应译为：一个女孩，一个男孩在操场上玩。因为不可能这样两个概念作用在一个人身上。又如： the husband and wife? 夫妻二人。? 　　［误］ You or she go to get some water for us? ? 　　［正］ You or she goes to get some water for us? ? 　　［析］ 由 or 连接的两个主语应以离谓语动词近的那一个计算其数。这样的用法还有 either … or，neither … nor， not only … but also 也有人称作就近原则。? 　　［误］ The teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom?? 　　［正］ The teacher with a lot of students comes into the classroom?? 　　［析］ 真正的主语是 the teacher， 而 with 短语是伴随状态，不影响主语的数。? 　　［误］ My glasses is broken? ? 　　［正］ My glasses are broken? ? 　　［误］ This pair of glasses are good? ? 　　［正］ This pair of glasses is good? ? 　　［误］ These kinds of butter is good.? 　　［正］ These kinds of butter are good?? 　　［析］ 英语中有些名词只有复数形式，如： glasses 眼镜， shorts 短裤等。如没有量词在前时，要用复数谓语动词，但有了量词之后则要按量词的单复数计算。? 　　［误］ One of the boys are going to take part in the match? ? 　　［正］ One of the boys is going to take part in the match? ? 　　［析］ One of 结构应以 one 来计算主语的数。 ? 　　［误］ Half of the work are done? ? 　　［正］ Half of the work is done? ? 　　［误］ Half of the books is read? ? 　　［正］ Half of the books are read? ? 　　［析］ 在小于1的数量词作主语时，如： ２ ３ ，８０％，０．３５… ＋ of ＋名词，这时主语的数应按 of 后面的名词计算。如果名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数，则谓语动词要用单数，如名词是复数则要