植物生理学作业——植物水分利用效率综述详解.docxVIP

植物水分利用效率的研究方法与影响因素 植物学15硕 张凡 3150190 Tel摘要：植物WUE是耦合植物光合与水分生理过程的重要指标, 同时也是联系植被生态系统碳循环和水循环的关键因子, 具有重要的生理学、生态学和水文学意义。研究如何提高水分利用效率可提高同化物产量，节约水资源。WUE有不同尺度和范畴的研究，如叶片、全株、群体的尺度及瞬时WUE、内在WUE和综合WUE，叶片WUE常用于代表植物整株WUE。研究WUE的方法主要有光合气体交换法与稳定碳同位素法，其中稳定碳同位素法是较为先进、准确的测定方法。本文提供了不同方法测定WUE的计算公式。植物WUE受多种因素影响，包括植物生理因子如气孔导度、光合效率；环境因子如水分、光照、温度、CO2浓度等；个体因子如代谢途径、形态、基因型等。本文同时提供了WUE研究分子生物学的前沿成果，为今后的研究提供了参考方向。 关键词：WUE；蒸腾作用；气孔导度；δ13C Methods and Factors of Plant Water Use Efficiency Abstract: WUE is an important indicator of plant photosynthesis and water coupling physiological processes, and also is the key factor contacting vegetation ecosystem carbon and water cycles, with important significance in physiology, ecology and hydrology. Study how to improve water use efficiency can increase assimilate production and conserve water resources. WUE studies at different scales and areas, such as scale of leaf, the whole plant and colony WUE, instant WUE, intrinsic WUE and integrated WUE. Leaf WUE commonly used in behalf of the whole plant WUE. WUE research methods mainly include photosynthetic gas exchange and stable carbon isotope method which is more advanced and more accurate. This article provides calculation formulas of different methods of WUE. Plant WUE affected by many factors, including plant physiological factors such as stomatal conductance, photosynthetic efficiency, environmental factors such as moisture, light, temperature, CO2 concentration, individual factors such as metabolic pathways, morphology, genotype etc. This article also provides cutting-edge research in molecular biology achievement of WUE and provides a reference direction for future research. Keywords: WUE, transpiration, stomatal conductance, δ13C 一、概述 蒸腾作用对植物有重要意义，提供植物吸收和运输水分的主要动力，同时也会使植物丧失水分。而光合作用是植物利用光能生产有机物的方式，往往关系到人们关注的植物生长适宜程度、作物产量等重要指标。在全球水资源紧缺，干旱日益加剧，人口激增的背景下，研究如何提高植物的水分利用效率，协调植物碳同化和水分耗散间的关系变得尤为重要。 植物蒸腾比率（transpiration ratio；蒸腾效率）指的是植物每消耗1kg水所生产的干物质的克数。水分利用效率（water use efficiency, WUE）指植被光合作用生产的干物质(或净