基于单片机能水灾报警系统的研究设计书课题.docVIP

摘 要 我国地处季风气候区，暴雨洪水频发。受季风气候影响，我国大部分地区夏季湿热多雨、雨热同期，不仅短历时、高强度的局地暴雨频繁发生，而且长历时、大范围的全流域降雨也时有发生，几乎每年都会发生不同程度的洪涝灾害。因此，完善的水情监测有助于中心站实时监测各地水情，并对各种突发状况做出及时、合理的措施来防止灾害的发生和降低灾害所造成的破坏。 本次设计以AT89C51芯片为核心，辅以相关的外围电路，设计了以单片机为核心的水情监测系统。系统由12V直流电源供电。在硬件方面，除了单片机外，采用SDI-12总线来连接多个传感器，通过TDC40 (SDI-12 to RS232转换器)将传感器采集到的水情数据发送到单片机PO口，单片机通过FLASH存储实时数据，亦可通过PSTN, GSM、北斗卫星、海事卫星等通信信道将采集到的水情数据传输到中心站。在软件方面，采用C语言编程。通过对单片机程序设计实现对水情监测系统的整个水情数据的采集、存储和传输程序进行监测、判断和控制以及人机交换。 关键词: 单片机 SDI-12 数据采集 水情监测 Abstract China is located in the monsoon climate zone and torrential rain and flood often happens .Affected by this monsoon climate, most of our region is hot wet and more rain in summer .Not only for short duration, high strength local rainstorm often happens, but also rain in wide range of the valley with long duration often happens .Annually, floods disaster happens in large range of our nation with varying degrees. Therefore, Perfect hydrological monitoring can help real-time monitoring hydrological in all regions with the central station and Make timely and reasonable measures for a variety of unexpected situations to prevent disasters and reduce the damage caused by disasters. The design use the AT89C51 chip as the core, combined with the necessary peripheral circuits .We design the hydrological monitoring system with 51 MCU as a core. It consists of 12V DC power supply. On the hardware side, in addition to MCU, It uses SDI-12 bus to connect multiple sensors .Collected by TDC40(SDI-12 to RS232 converter) the water level sensor data is sent to the MCU ports PO .The MCU use FLASH to store real-time data and transport the collected water level data to the central station through communication channel, such as the PSTN, GSM, COMPASS satellite, maritime satellite and so on. On the software side, we use C language for programming. By programming on the MCU, we realize hydrological monitoring system for the entire hydrological data collection, storage and transport procedures for monitoring, to determi